Anal Fistula — Patient Information
An anal fistula is an abnormal tract that develops between the inside of the anal canal and the skin around the anus, usually following an anal abscess. Persistent discharge and recurrent swelling are typical features and surgical treatment is generally required.
Symptoms
- Persistent or intermittent discharge around the anus
- Pain or swelling that improves and recurs
- An opening on the perianal skin
- Occasional bleeding or irritation
Relation to anal abscess
Many anal fistulas follow a drained or spontaneously ruptured anal abscess. Not every abscess becomes a fistula, but a significant proportion of patients develop one.
Treatment options
Treatment is individualised by tract type and sphincter involvement. Options include classical surgical techniques, seton placement and sphincter-preserving approaches such as laser-assisted closure. The choice is determined by examination and imaging findings.
This page is for general information only
The content here is not a diagnosis or treatment recommendation and does not replace an individual medical evaluation. If your symptoms persist, consult a physician. In emergencies call 112 or the nearest emergency department.